Water restriction and bone metabolism in camels

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Water restriction and bone metabolism in camels.

'Krafft disease', occurring in camels living in the very arid areas of North Africa, is characterized by spontaneous fractures of costal and/or appendicular bones. To better understand the mechanisms of this, we studied the influence of water restriction on plasma and urinary markers of bone metabolism in camels. Eight 2-year-old nonpregnant, nonlactating camels were studied at the research sta...

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Bone is formed through the processes of endochondral and intramembranous ossification. In endochondral ossification primary mesenchymal cells differentiate to chondrocytes and then are progressively substituted by bone, while in intramembranous ossification mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate directly into osteoblasts to form bone. The steps of osteogenic proliferation, differentiation,...

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simulation and experimental studies for prediction mineral scale formation in oil field during mixing of injection and formation water

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Reproduction Nutrition Development

سال: 1996

ISSN: 0926-5287

DOI: 10.1051/rnd:19960510